Ocean freight rates to the Port of Khor Fakkan in the United Arab Emirates are surging as Israel continues to attack Iran and Iran reported its first attack on U.S. military bases, after a weekend that saw U.S. strikes on Iranian nuclear targets.

Rates from Shanghai to the Khor Fakkan, which is situated on the UAE Indian Ocean coastline, are up 76% in comparison to mid-May, according to spot ocean freight rate data tracked by freight intelligence platform Xeneta. The average spot rates have reached $3,341 per forty-foot equivalent unit (FEU.)

The Port of Khor Fakkan is located outside the Strait of Hormuz. Due to its location, the port is considered to be one of the most important transshipment hubs for the Arabian Gulf, the Indian Sub-continent, the Gulf of Oman, and the East African markets.

"Shippers in the region have acted with caution as the level of risk has gradually increased," said Peter Sand, chief shipping analyst at Xeneta. "Shippers have been frontloading cargo in the most recent months, to bolster the supply chain from adverse disruptions to the flow of containerized goods."

The Port of Khor Fakkan has had 81 vessels arrive within the past 24 hours, and 51 ships are expected to arrive in the next 30 days, according to VesselFinder.

The conflict in the Middle East has elevated vessel security risks, which have added to operational costs. Vessels are also moving faster, which results in more fuel being used, which also adds to costs.

Iran's parliament voted to approve a closure of the Strait of Hormuz on Sunday, but it may not follow through on the move, according to many experts. It is expected to target ships for attack or seizure as part of its retaliatory plans, including ships showing a public U.S. affiliation, according to maritime security firm Ambrey.

One major oil tanker operator, Frontline, recently said it would accept no new contracts requiring travel in the Strait of Hormuz.

The oil market was trading lower on Monday and the stock market reaction to the escalation in the conflict was muted. But Sand said the spread in ocean freight rates is a leading indicator of risk and uncertainty. The higher the spread, the greater the indication of market volatility and potential risks for shippers.  "During times like this, the spread in the market widens," Sand said.

Shippers with more urgent need to move goods to protect supply chains pay higher prices and surcharges that are pushed through by ocean carriers. This is typically a situation smaller shippers with less negotiating power find themselves in to make sure their goods are moved. Larger volume shippers have more negotiating power and can push back against carriers demanding high rates. That disparity in negotiating power leads to the wider spread in shipping rates at different ends of the freight market.

That spread is up from $50 to $1,101 over the past 40 days (May 14 to June 23), according to Xeneta.

"The spread is showing the difference between what the smaller shippers, those without much negotiation power, versus the freight rates paid by the larger and stronger shippers," he said.